Budget For Engineering Services

The internet is a great source to find information relevant to hiring any type of firm. Use it to your advantage when looking into an engineering firm. It will lead you to places that will help in finding the right people to work with you. References are wonderful and will lead you deeper into the quality of the firm you are hiring for.
The internet is all a buzz with different engineering firms. There is definitely not a shortage of firms to hire. The hard part with this in mind for someone in need of engineering services is that they have to narrow the field down to one. On top of the options the work load increases for the person hiring the firm too. It is important to make sure that the right firm is hired on for the project so that disappointment in the end is avoided.

The first factor in determining if an engineering firm is right for your project revolves around the budget. This factor determines a lot of business choices and in this case is true also. The belief that a more expensive firm offers better or premium services is not true. The only thing the price tells us is that they are a more expensive firm. When looking into the quote that has been given it is important to look at everything that is covered under it.
Engineering services are not cheap. Don't expect a fifteen thousand job to be low balled down to ten thousand anytime soon. The ideal firm for you will be willing to work what you need done into an appropriate budget. A reasonable figure can be found and there are plenty of companies available to provide the services needed. When comparing costs it is best to determine what the cost of each individual piece of work is and compare that instead of the overall job. This way the cost comparison is based more honestly on exactly what services will be provided.

What happens in engineering services is that a firm will have a lower offer to get the job and will then throw in the extras that were not considered to be a part of the original proposal. That is why it is of the utmost importance to read every document thoroughly before deciding on a company. This will also help you see exactly what you are getting for your money. The fine print needs to be examined and anything that is unclear needs to be reviewed with the firm.

A good engineering firm will be able to stick by their estimate. This is a key element in hiring a firm. Look into references and ask them about sticking to the original estimate. If the original estimate was way below the actual costs that firm might not be a proven winner. It is important that take into consideration the cost of raw materials, transportation, costs with operating and other details that could cause the price of the project to increase before the bid has been established and agreed upon.

Beginner Business Guide

In economics, business is an organization that sells goods or services to consumers or other businesses, for a profit. Historically the business of the English word business, busy from the word which means "busy" in the context of individual, community, or society. In a sense, been busy doing the work activities and be profitable.

Making money in business sometimes seems impossible but you may think that there is a magic formula. Business isn't an exact science, its about being creative. Although business decisions are often backed by facts and figures a lot of the decisions are made on a hunch, a feeling that the person has about a situation.

At first this seems to be a strange way to make important business decisions, almost a risky strategy but successful people are successful for a reason. Their minds seem to automatically be able to spot a good deal and their hunches make them a lot of money.

On the surface most propositions seem like a good deal, the person seeking the finance has made it his business to get the money he needs. It's only when you scratch the surface and dig a little deeper that you begin to unearth what is going on.

When you are investing you are looking for a good return on your investment. You don't want to be shelling out money to fund somebody's dream, you want a good return on your investment. You need to assess the risk There will always be a certain amount of risk with any investment but you can do a few things to minimize the risk.

In order to assess the risks you need to get as much info as possible. You need information about the companies past performance. You need to know their profit and losses for the past three years. You need to know the companies staff turnover. You need to know everything about the directors; what type of person they are, do they have any other business interests, have they ever filed for bankruptcy. After all you are not just investing in bricks and mortar you are investing in the person who will be using your money, hopefully putting it to good use.

Its very difficult to put an exact formula into action when valuing a business. Most people think that a business can be assessed by using a multiple of the profits. To a certain extent it can be but there a number of other things that will affect the value. Your experience will play a large part in assessing the worth of a business.

Business is not exact science and sometimes you need to use your hunches to get a better deal

Android 3.0, Combining All Versions of Android

Google seems to be an end to disunity in the Android environment that exist today with a fundamental change in the OS. This was revealed in the CTIA expo had just passed.

If before the update is done as a whole for the application and its core operating system, Google will be sending updates lwat Android Market. Thus, the maker of mobile phones with interface customization, such as with a Sense HTC or Samsung TouchWiz UI will have the option of updating the elements they have quickly, without having to wait for the next OS update is ready.

Android currently has various versions, with all Motorola products using Android 1.5 (except Droid), while some phones use 1.6 (HTC Magic, Dream), and version 2.0 or above on the Droid, Nexus, and HTC's phones output 2010

Android version

Android version 1.1 
 
- Release dated 9 February 2009  
- User interface  
- Standard application, alarm, messaging 

this series is the result of the previous series is android 1.1 series which was launched in february of 2009 .. cupcake specification as follows: 

Android 1.5 'Cupcake 
 
- Having the ability to record and watch the video through the camcorder.  
- Upload video to youtube and upload the pictures to picasa  
- New applications of soft-keyboard with text-prediction functionality.  
- Bluetooth A2DP and AVRCP support.  
- Have the ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth device with a certain distance. 
 - A new widget and folders can be gathered at the home screen.  
- Translation of the screen automatically 

Android 1.6 'Donut' 

 Android then released the latest version of the Android 1.6 is called the Donut on 30 April 2009 with the ability to:
- The increase in android market.  
- Integrated camera, video recorder and display gallery.  
- New gallery application allows users to choose multiple photos to be deleted  
- Applications voice search is updated to be more responsive and itegrasi with other applications including the ability to search contacts.  
- Enhanced search application to search for bookmarks, history, contacts, and web from home screen 
 - Improved technology support for CDMA / EVDO. 802.1x, VPNs, and text to speech engine  
- Supports resolution WVGA screen  
- Speed inprovement in searching and camera applications Improvement in speed
-search application and camera applications. 

Android 2.1 'Eclair' 
 
after subsequent Eclair Donut ver 2.1 with the ability:  
- Optimizing hardware speed  
- Supports more screen size and screen resolution  
- Revamped UI - New user interface in a browser and support for html 5  
- List of new contacts  
- White-black ratio better for backgrounds  
- Increasing application Google Maps 3.1.2  
- Support for Microsoft Exchange  
-Support for camera Falsh  
- Digital Zoom 
 - Enhanced virtual keyboard on the application  
- Bluetooth 2.1  
- Live Wallpapers 

Android 2.2 'Froyo' 
 
Latest version issued by android android ... with version 2.2. have the ability to:  
- Optimizing the speed and performance of Android OS  
- Integration of chrome v8 JavaScript into a browser application - Enhanced support for Microsoft Exchange  - Enhanced applications luncher with shotcuts towards phone and browser applications  
- USB tethering functionality and WiFi hotspots.  
- Addition of an option to disable data access, mobile network  
- Applications android market which has been updated with automatic update feature.  
- Quick Switching Between Their multiple keyboard languages and dictionaries. 
 - Voice dialing and various contacts via bluetooth  
- Support for file uploads in the browser application 
 - Support for Adobe Flash 10.1 

Android 2.3 (or 3.0) 'Gingerbread' 
 
- The most recent version of the android releases october 2010  
- The addition of an online music store in the market  
- Changes in user interface - Support for a greater level of resolution  
- Increase in copy-paste function - Not all hp can be upgraded to version 3.0, the minimum specifications in order to upgrade to this version are: the capacity of the CPU 1 GHZ, 512 MB RAM, minimum 3.5 inch diagonal screen 

Android Honeycomb 
 
Google reportedly is preparing for the continuation of the series next Android, dubbed Honeycomb, several sources have confirmed the new version of OS upgrade though details are still sketchy, maybe this OS will create a class 4G

Android Operating Sistem

 

Android is an open mobile operating system made by Google. Android operating system has been used in some handsets (phones) in Indonesia. In Indonesia alone Android operating system is relatively less familiar among us, this is probably due to lack of support information and phone that supports it. But look at the Android penetration is currently not possible the next time the operating system is a strong competitor for Symbian and Windows Mobile. Predicted in 2012, this Android phone market will reach 12%.

Well, for those of you who are interested in studying Android or want to share information and related technology, Google's operating system, you can open the site Android Indonesia, which is located at http://android-indonesia.com. Here you can follow the development of the Android technology are continuing. Among them is the updated information related to Indonesia such as Android market competition among vendors vying to launch a phone based on Android operating system until about the service or application-based handset this operating system. The information is presented in the format of the article and video.

In addition, you also can become a community member by first registering. That way you can exchange information related to this operating system both with fellow users or by administrators. In addition, you also can see the detail specifications of the handset / mobile phone based on Android that has been circulating in the market.

This site could become one of the reference and guide for those who are interested to learn more about the Google Android operating system made this.

Create Your Own Blog Theme with Artisteer 2

Artisteer is a software that allows us to design a theme (theme) your own blog. Theme created here can be used to WordPress, Blogspot, and others. This software is very useful for anyone who wants to have a blog with a theme that comes closest to your own taste. This software interface similar to Microsoft Office 2007 and quite easy to use. Unfortunately, this software is not free sad Create Your Own Blog Theme with Artisteer 2 

But for you who really want to try it (and do not mind to use the software for free free no tongue Create Your Own Blog Theme with Artisteer 2), I will give you the link below.

Here are step by step to install it:  

1. Artisteer software downloads via the address under  

2. Because it is still in the form of archive files. Rar, extract them first to your computer  

3. Install the software on your computer by executing the file Artisteer 2.3.0.21098.exe

4. Well, after installation, uncheck the option Launch Program Files! Eliminate centangnya and click Finish.    

    Do not open the program!  
5. Now execute the file Artisteer2Sniffer.exe  
6. Just wait until you will enter Artisteer 2 by itself without being asked to enter any code  
7. Done! 

Well here is the address for downloading the program through Ziddu.
http://www.ziddu.com/download/8066620/Artisteer2.3.0.21098.rar.html
 
Program name: Artisteer  
Version: 2.3.0.21098  
Size: 61 mb

Sorry actually there is now a new version

The mechanism of H1N1 Virus Infection

Swine influenza (Swine Influenza) H1N1 virus is suspected to result from mexico is already claimed many victims. The distribution is more expansive and already travel to all continents. Modern transportation equipment and the high mobilization of people between countries as well as intercontinental also accelerate the spread of this virus. How this virus can easily infect humans? Is not this virus comes from pigs? In the discussion this time the author will explain the biomolecular mechanisms of human H1N1 virus and its impact on human health.

Before discussing the mechanism of infection, the authors will explain genetics H1N1 virus. This virus has genetic material in the form of (-) ssRNA (single strand RNA negative). Genome will be transcribed into mRNA and copying to the positive strand polymerase with the aid of a single strand. The result of the coffee used for the synthesis of (-) ssRNA new. While the genome mRNA will be used for protein synthesis (Rantam, 2005).

The mechanism of the H1N1 virus that attacks the human respiratory system basically through several stages that make up the cycle, namely: 1) Attachment, 2) penetration, 3) endocytosis, 4) Release of genetic material, 5) Transcript, 6) assembly, and 7) Disposal

 H1N1 virus infection cycle

 Source : www.biology-community.blogspot.com

Tahapan perlekatan merupakan tahapan awal mula virus masuk kedalam sel. Tahapan ini melibatkan reseptor sel inang (Reseceptor Binding Site/RBS). Reseptor sel yang berperan dalam infeksi virus flu tersusun atas glikoprotein atau glikolipid yang mengandung gugus terminal sialyl-galactosyl [Neu5Ac(α 2,3)Gal] atau [Neu5Ac(α 2,6)Gal]. Kedua reseptor tersebut biasanya disebut α 2,3 asam sialat/sialic acid atau α 2,6 asam sialat/sialic acid (Thomson et al., 2006). Pada virus avian influenza (AI), haemaglutinin virus cenderung berikatan dengan α 2,3 asam sialat sedangkan virus flu manusia berikatan dengan α 2,6 asam sialat. Pada kasus flu burung, haemaglutinin virus AI terdapat kemungkinan perubahan akibat mutasi yang menyebabkan kompabilitas dengan reseptor α 2,6 asam sialat pada manusia. Sementara pada babi ditemukan dua jenis reseptor yaitu α 2,3 asam sialat dan α 2,6 asam sialat. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan adanya kemungkinan rearsosi genetik (mixing vesel) antara virus influenza antara unggas dengan virus asal manusia pada tubuh babi.

Setelah haemaglutinin virus H1N1 berikatan dengan RBS sel inang (hospes), maka virus akan masuk melalui fusi envelope virus dengan membran endosomal sel inang. Proses ini memerlukan bantuan protease sel inang untuk mengaktivasi prekusor hemaglutinin (HAo) menjadi fragmen 1 (HA1) dan fragmen 2 (HA2) yang dapat menyebabkan virus melepaskan ribonukleoproteinnya ke dalam sel inang, akibatnya akan terjadi replikasi di dalam sel inang.

Tahapan selanjutnya adalah pelepasan materi genetik yang kemudian diikuti dengan proses transkripsi menjadi RNAm (RNA messenger) yang siap untuk ditranslasi menjadi bagian-bagian tubuh virus. Tahapan ini membutuhkan mekanisme kaskade yang melibatkan protein kinase, yaitu ERK 1/2 (Extracellulear-signal Regulated Kinase 1 dan 2) melalui jalur Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK (Gambar 2). ERK ini berperan dalam tahap akhir replikasi virus, yaitu pada saat pengiriman ribonukleoprotein (RNP) yang telah direplikasi di nukleus sel inang ke sitosol pada saat fase perakitan. Bagian virus H1N1 yang mengaktivasi ERK adalah hemagglutinin (HA) yang terakumulasi di membran sel pada tahap perakitan. Hemagglutinin menempel pada Lipid Rafts dan kemudian mengaktivasi kaskade ERK melalui PKC (Protein Kinase C). Kondisi ini akan mempercepat pertumbuhan virus H1N1 melalui proses transkripsi gen.

 ERK transduction pathway 

Source : www-ermm.cbcu.cam.ac.uk

After the assembly had the H1N1 virus, the virus will be released through the process penguncupan (budding), which in turn will infect other cells. 

Robot Fish to Detect Pollution

 

British scientists have developed a robotic fish are released into the sea in northern Spain to detect pollution. If the next year (2010, eds), The first experiment using five robotic fish in the northern Spanish port of Gijon is successful, the team expects robots of fish can be used in rivers, lakes and oceans around the world to detect pollution.

Carp-shaped robot, with a cost of £ 20,000 ($ 29,000), able to mimic the movements of fish and are equipped with chemical sensors to detect potentially harmful pollutants, such as leakage from the ship or underwater pipeline. They will send information back to shore by using Wi-Fi technology. Unlike previous robotic fish, these fish robot can navigate autonomously without human interaction.

Rory Doyle, senior scientists at the engineering firm BMT Group, which developed a robotic fish with scientists at the University of Essex, said there were good reasons to make fish-shaped robot, rather than a form similar to a conventional submarine. "By using the robotic fish, we create a design created by hundreds of millions of years by the remarkable evolution and energy efficient," he said. "Efficiency of robot fish is not necessary to ensure that pollution detection sensors to navigate under the sea to the environment at the end of the month." Fish robot has a length of 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet), almost the size of seal.

Source: Reuters

Tobacco for Diabetes Patients

 

Agriculture currently produces the rapid development of molecular biotechnology, which can offer a cheaper way than the manufacture of vaccines and traditional medicine through the factory. Scientists have found that healthy tobacco after modifying genetic factors. Tobacco can be used to treat type 1 diabetes.

European researchers say has produced tobacco that contain anti-inflammatory compounds (anti-inflammatory) called interleukin-10 (IL-10) which can help patients with type 1 diabetes who are insulin dependent. A number of agricultural chemical companies, including Bayer and Syngenta, have been looking for ways to make complex proteins in medicinal plants, although requiring a slow process.

At present, most drugs and vaccines produced via cell culture and tissue culture. However, Mario Pezzotti of the University of Verona, who led the study of tobacco published in the journal BMC Biotechnology, believe that the tobacco plants grow more efficiently since the world has a lower cost to produce protein drugs.

Various types of plants have been studied by a number of scientists around the world, but tobacco is the most popular crop in terms of research. "Tobacco is a plant that's fantastic because it is easy to transform genetically and can easily learn the whole plant from single cells," said Pezzotti. Group work and put the interests of the tobacco giant, which is Philip Morris, which supports plant-based medicine conference in Verona in June.

Pezzotti and colleagues - who received funding for his research from the European Union - are now planning to megujicobakan these plants to mice that have an autoimmune disease to determine its response.

Next, they wanted to test whether the repetition of small doses can help prevent diabetes in people, when given in conjunction with other compounds of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), which has also been produced in tobacco plants.

Diamyd, biotechnology companies in Sweden have tested conventional GAD65 vaccine against diabetes during clinical trials.

The field of molecular farming has not produced the first commercial product, although Israel Protalix BioTherapeutics has conducted clinical trials on advanced enzymes for the treatment of Gaucher disease generated through a carrot cell culture. Protalix plans to submit the drug for approval from the United States and Israel.

Biomolecular pathogenicity H1N1 virus

Swine influenza (swine flu) that desebabkan by pathogenic H1N1 virus has properties similar to bird flu (avian influenza). The nature of pathogenicity caused by H1N1 and H5N1 viruses are very complex that includes inflammation (inflammation) due to cytokines, apoptosis (cell death), and oxidative damage due to increased ROS (Reactive Oxygen Stress). Pathogenicity is a biomolecular process through signal transduction pathways within host cells. Tranduksi path signals that influence the pathogenicity of H1N1 virus in the form of NF-kB (Nuclear Factor Kappa B) and MAPK (Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases).

NF-kB is a transcription factor slah one type contained in the form of homodimer or heterodimer (Pande & Ramos, 2003). Transcription factors are located in the cell cytoplasm in the form of a bond with a specific protein IKB (Inhibitory Kappa B) in an inactive form. This transcription factor has a role in cell transformation, tumor growth, apoptosis, differentiation of immune cells, and also regulate viral gene transcription. NF-kB can be activated by several factors, namely TNF-α (Tumor Necrois Factor α), IL-1 (Interleukin 1), lipopolysaccharide, Nitric Oxyde, and ROS. These factors will activate the receptors that are sensitive to stress, then will activate the signal transduction pathway of NF-kB through a variety of protein kinases.

 Based on the picture above, the mechanism of activation of NF-kB (Rel protein and P50) is started when the pengaktivan factor attached to the receptor. After the signal at the receptor, a protein IKK (Inhibitory Kinases Beta Kappa) will phosphorylate proteins IkBα. Next IkBα will experience ubiquitasi and degradation by the proteasome. While NF-kB (Rel protein and P50) will be towards the nucleus of the cell (nucleus) and bind to coactivator and RNA polymerase, and then be attached to DNA for gene transcription (Brasier, 2006; Gilmore, 2006; Perkins, 2007).

The result of the gene transcription of inflammatory mediator production in the form arakrin-autocrine which activates inflammatory cells and occurs Cytokin Storm (Hurricane Cytokines). Cytokin Storm causes severe inflammation in the lung patients. In addition, cytokines also cause an increase in ROS that is followed by apoptosis or cell death.